| File
Manipulation Commands |
| cat |
prints
the contents of a file |
| chgrp |
changes
a file's group |
| chmod |
modifies
a file's access mode (permissions) |
| chown |
changes
file owner and group |
| cp |
prints
the contents of a file (-p preserve file attributes) |
| cut |
prints
selected parts of lines from a file |
| mkdir |
makes
a new directory |
| more |
prints
the contents of a file one screen at
a time |
| mv |
moves
(or renames) a file |
| paste |
merge
lines from one or more files into a
single file |
| rm |
removes
(deletes) files |
| rmdir |
removes
(deletes) directories |
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| Environment
Control Commands |
| alias |
creates
a command alias |
| cd |
changes
the working directory |
| clear |
clears
the screen |
| exit |
logs
you out of a system, or exits a
shell |
| export |
declares
a variable to be an environment
variable |
| passwd |
changes
a user's password |
| read |
reads
input |
| unalias |
deletes
a command alias |
| unset |
removes
(deletes) a variable definition |
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|
| Process/Job
Control Commands |
| bg |
moves
a specified job to the background |
| fg |
moves
a specified job to the foreground |
| jobs |
lists
jobs running in the background |
| ps |
displays
active system processes |
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|
| Informational
Commands |
| date |
prints
(or sets) the system date and time |
| diff |
finds
the differences between files |
| echo |
prints
a line of text |
| env |
prints
environmental variables |
| file |
determines
file type |
| find |
searches
for files in the directory tree |
| finger |
provides
detailed information about system
users |
| grep |
searches
for patterns in one or more files |
| head |
prints
the first few lines of a file |
| history |
prints
the contents of your history file |
| hostname |
prints
the system's host name |
| ls |
lists
the contents of a directory |
| man |
format
and display the online manual pages |
| print |
prints
a line of text |
| printenv |
prints
environment variables. Accepts a
variable name as an argument. |
| pwd |
prints
the working directory |
| strings |
prints
the strings of printables characters
in a file |
| tail |
prints
the last few lines of a file |
| uname |
prints
system information |
| wc |
prints
the number of characters, words, or
lines in a file |
| who |
displays
who is logged in on a system |
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|
| UNIX
Utilities |
| awk |
pattern
scanning and processing language |
| ftp |
transfers
files between two networked
computers (hosts) |
| gunzip |
expands
a compressed file |
| gzip |
compresses
(or expands) a file |
| ping |
tests
the availability of another computer
system (host) on the network.
It can also be used to gauge network
performance. |
| talk |
used
for having 2-way communication
sessions with other system
users. This utility is similar
to write, but is more sophisticated. |
| tar |
creates
an archive containing one or more
files |
| vi |
starts
the vi text editor |
| wall |
sends
a message to everyone who is logged
in on a system |
| write |
sends
a message to a specific user.
Used for 2-way communication. |
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